Camshaft sensor: Every component in the car has a specific function it performs. Most of the time, what we care about is the engine and the battery. Well, some internal units within the engine can stop your car from starting, and one of them is the camshaft sensor. Today, you will learn about how the camshaft sensor works and where it is located in a car.
A perfectly working camshaft sensor ensures that the engine monitors the crankshaft drive position. The engine valves are somewhere in the engine head casting. They open and close automatically to allow exhaust gases into the engine cylinders.
Once the camshaft sensor fails to receive data from the engine control module, that could trigger further problems in the ECU, and the most common problem is the car not starting even when the battery and alternator are in good shape. Now, see how the camshaft sensor works.
What is a Camshaft Sensor?
Car sensors in cars measures and transmits information to the vehicle’s Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The information that the censor gets from the ECU guarantees that the temperature, the coolant, the oil, and the emissions are okay. Some modern cars have a crankshaft that directly controls the speed of the car.
Under normal operating conditions, the crankshaft sensor rotates twice in a single combustion cycle. The crank sensor offers the right position and stroke to give the proper combination to the crankshaft. This process ensures that the spark timing by the engine control unit is correct.
However, several problems can reduce their effectiveness and prevent the valves from working at their optimum efficiency. Therefore, it is advisable to handle them as soon as possible to prevent them from worsening. The accumulation of dirt is one of the biggest issues that can prevent the proper functioning of the valve.
Also, an oil leak is among the reasons that could hinder the performance of the camshaft sensor in your vehicle. Furthermore, if the area surrounding the sensor is not clean, then it may affect the performance of the engine; the sensors will be unable to accurately determine the camshaft position.
Using quality engine oil and changing oil regularly prevents dirt buildup, this ensures that the valves functions effectively.
Another issue is the camshaft position sensor. This can cause the valves not to open timely in the camshaft. This sensor helps in controlling the time at which the valves open, and when a particular sensor is not in good shape, it will stop the valves from opening at the expected time. So, fixing a defective camshaft position sensor is likely the solution to this problem.
In some cases, a broken or worn camshaft can also prevent the valves from opening properly. What you need to do to ensure that things don’t deteriorate further is to always inspect the camshaft regularly. If a camshaft is damaged, replacing it with a high-quality replacement can help ensure that the valves function correctly.
Read also: 5 Best Fire Extenguisher For Car (Comprehensive Reviews)
Function of the camshaft sensor in modern vehicles
The electronic control unit can locate the particular location of the crankshaft drive thanks to the camshaft sensor. To track the coil firing sequence, the camshaft position sensor identifies which of the cylinders that is firing. Below are the functions and importance of the camshaft sensor in the vehicle.
Monitors the opening and closing of the valve
It controls the engine’s valve opening and closing time. While it is the camshaft that is actually ‘doing’ the work, the sensor provides accurate information to its position. With this, it allows the engine control unit (ECU) to adjust the timing of the fuel injection and ignition systems.
One of the features of the ECU is its capacity to alter the timing of the ignition systems. To adapt to different driving conditions, the ECU can make adjustments in order to optimize the engine output.
Whenever the camshaft is in motion, the valve open and closes due to the camshaft lobes’ pressure on the valve lifters. The engine cylinders are supplied with the correct fuel and air combination through proper timing; this also ensures the effective expulsion of exhaust gases.
Manages Exhaust Intake Timing
Both the intake and exhaust valves are required to open so that air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. To control the intake and exhaust valves, the ECU makes changes in their timing with the help of data detected by the camshaft sensor.
Improves engine performance
This sensor tracks the camshaft’s position. With the information it gets, the ECU can monitor ignition and fuel injection accurately.
The camshaft sensor makes sure that the engine receives the exact amount of fuel. This increases fuel efficiency in the car. In addition, the camshaft sensor helps to optimize ignition timing. To guarantee that the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders ignites at the appropriate time, the camshaft must be in order.
It Helps Maximize Fuel Efficiency.
The sensor instantly notifies the ECU of any changes in driving conditions, such as lack of acceleration. The air-fuel mixture is then adjusted by the ECU to conform to these considerations. The engine receives the ideal amount of fuel, which helps to enhance fuel efficiency.
How does a camshaft sensor work?
The camshaft sensor uses a magnetic sensor. There is a metal ring on the camshaft that goes through the sensor as the camshaft rotates. The sensor sends a signal to the ECU each time something like this happens:
The ECU uses these signals to know the position of the camshaft. The location of the camshaft is controlled by the ECU using these signals. This allows the ECU to monitor the timing of the fuel injectors and spark plugs. The camshaft sensor makes sure that all of the engine’s parts are working effectively.
Basic Principles of Operation
Most camshaft sensors are magnetic. They function as follows:
Magnetometers: When the camshaft rotates, a metal relay wheel connected to the camshaft moves near the sensor. The teeth of the reluctor wheel interrupt the magnetic field, thereby creating a voltage signal in the coil. The ECU then gets this signal after that.
Hall-Effect Sensors: These sensors use a semiconductor material to respond to magnetic fields.
Types of Camshaft Sensors
There are different types of camshaft sensors, and each performs specific functions. The popular ones are:
Hall Effect Sensors
This sensor works by interacting with an electrical conductor and a magnetic field, known as the Hall Effect. The electronic component of these sensors is a semiconductor chip, and when they come into contact with the magnetic field, they produce voltage. The sensor picks up a shifting magnetic field produced by a magnet on the camshaft.
Magnetic pick-up sensors
Another popular type of camshaft sensor is the magnetic pick-up sensor. For camshaft position sensors, they make use of wire coil to identify the position of the camshaft. With this, the ECU receives this signal.
Optical Sensors
An optical sensor uses a light beam to monitor the position of the camshaft. Here, a light beam is split by a notched wheel. With a photo detector, it generates a signal and sends it to the ECU when it detects any fault.
Symptoms of a bad Camshaft Sensor
Check Engine Light
A possible sign that the camshaft sensor is bad is when the check engine light turns on your dashboard. A check engine light could be anything, but it is not something that you should take lightly.
Engine Misfires
Misfires may occur if the fuel and air mixture in the engine cylinder does not ignite effectively. This might make the engine stall during acceleration.
Poor Fuel Economy
If there are issues with the sensor, then fuel combustion will not be efficient. This means that the car will consume more fuel than it wouldn’t ordinarily. If you have observed that you frequently buy fuel, first check your catalyst and also examine the camshaft.
Causes of Camshaft Sensor Failure
One of the things that may lead to poor engine performance is a faulty camshaft sensor.
Camshaft sensor can go bad when used frequently.
The compartment of the engine may heat and this heat exposure can affect the electrical parts.
Also, where oil leaks take place, this can make the camshaft sensor fail quickly.
Electrical issues can as well make the camshaft not to function well.
Diagnostic Methods
OBD-II Scanner
The OBD-II scanner is a diagnostic tool that detects an issue in the ECU. P0340 and P0341 are common codes that read when a camshaft sensor is not working. To detect the fault, attach the scanner to the port on the car, start it, and see what the codes read. For a more accurate result, repeat the process.
Manual Inspection
Check the wires to see if there is any damage. Bad wires or loose connections can affect the performance of the camshaft sensor. If you don’t have an OBD-II scanner, inspect it manually.
Multimeter Test
Just like the OBD-II scanner, the multimeter is used in diagnosing faults in the ECU. To use the multimeter, disconnect the sensor from the wiring harness and switch your multimeter to the resistance (ohms) setting. Check the reading; it should be the same as what is in the car manual.
To check the voltage, reattach the sensor, start the engine, and take a voltage reading at the connector. Run it again to ensure that voltage is the same with what you have in the manual’s guide.
Replacement
Replacing the sensor might be the best solution. However, before you change it, make sure that you buy the right model for your car. A few nuts need to be removed during installation process.
Tools and Materials Needed
If you’re looking to replace your camshaft sensor, you will need the right tools. Here is a list of things you will require:
Socket Set: The socket set comes in different sizes; however, an 8mm or 10mm socket is mostly used.
Ratchet Wrench: You use this when working around the engine bay’s cramped areas.
Screwdriver: To remove any covers or parts blocking the sensor’s access, you may need to use a flathead or Phillips screwdriver, depending on your car.
Gloves: To protect your hands from hot materials and sharp edges.
Flashlight: If you’re working in a poorly lit area, a bright work light or flashlight will help you see the engine bay.
Recommended Sensor Brands
Several sensor brands are on the market. But then, you need reliable brands. These brands are names you can trust.
Camshaft Sensor Step-by-Step Replacement Guide
Step 1: Allow the engine to cool and ensure that it is on a level surface.
Step 2: Find the camshaft sensor.
Step 3: Disconnect the battery’s negative terminal.
Step 4: Unplug the electrical connector.
Step 5: Put the new sensor.
Step 6: Reconnect the battery.
Maintenance Tips To Make Camshaft Sensor Last Long
For your engine to run smoothly, ensure that you maintain it regularly. How can you do it? The following useful maintenance tips can help your camshaft sensor last longer:
Regular Inspections: Look for wear or damage on the camshaft sensor regularly.
Use high-quality components: Inferior components have a higher chance of failing early, so, get quality brands.
Fix any engine problems immediately. If you’re having problems with engine performance, fix it at once.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does a camshaft sensor last?
The average lifespan of a camshaft sensor is around 100,000 miles, however, this depends on the mileage and maintenance levels. Regular inspections can extend its life.
Can you drive with a bad camshaft sensor?
It’s not advised to drive with a bad camshaft sensor but it is possible. Poor engine performance, decreased fuel efficiency, and even engine damage might result from a malfunctioning sensor.
What is the cost of replacing a camshaft sensor?
Though it differs, replacing a camshaft sensor usually costs between $100 and $300.
Whenever your car stalls, or misfires, please check your camshaft sensor. Early detection can save you lots of stress and money.
